Diabetic retinopathy develops when diabetes damages the small blood vessels in the retina. Early stages may not cause noticeable symptoms, but the condition can progress to swelling in the center of the retina, abnormal blood vessel growth, bleeding, or retinal detachment. A dilated eye examination is therefore important even when vision seems unchanged.
Treatment depends on the stage of disease and may include careful observation, injections, laser treatment, or surgery. Keeping blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol well controlled also supports long-term eye health. Your retina specialist will recommend an examination schedule based on your retinal findings and overall health.