Retinal vascular disease affects the blood vessels that nourish the retina. A retinal vein occlusion can lead to bleeding and swelling in the retina, while a retinal artery occlusion interrupts blood flow and may cause sudden, severe vision loss. High blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, glaucoma, and other medical conditions may increase risk.
Treatment is guided by the type of blockage and its effect on the retina. Vein occlusions may be managed with injections, laser treatment, or observation, while an artery occlusion requires immediate medical and eye evaluation. Coordination with a primary care physician or other specialists is often important to address underlying vascular risk factors.